Common Word Roots for Digestive System (Part 4)

sial/o is the combining form that refers to "saliva", "salivary gland" or "salivary duct". 

Each salivary gland is located on one side of the face. They produce saliva (also called spit), which serves as the lubricating substance for the mouth and throat. Saliva contains enzymes that initiate digestion of foods as soon as they enter the mouth. Furthermore, it contains antibodies that protect against infections of the mouth and throat.

steat/o is the combining form that refers to "fat". 

Fats belong to a group of compounds known as lipids that are found in the body and are hydrophobic (insoluble in water). The fat in your body gives your body energy, protects your organs, supports cell growth, maintains cholesterol levels, and helps your body absorb nutrients.

sigmoid/o is the combining form that refers to "sigmoid colon". 

The sigmoid colon forms the last part of the large intestine, connecting to the rectum. The function of the sigmoid colon is to facilitate the movement of feces from the descending colon to the rectum and the anus.

rect/o or proct/o is the combining form that refers to "rectum". 

Located at the end of the colon is a structure known as the rectum. Rectum is responsible for storing feces, as well as controlling defecation.

uvul/o is the combining form that refers to "uvula". 

The uvula is the elongated dangling ball at the back of the throat. Your uvula produces saliva to lubricate your mouth and throat. In addition, it facilitates eating and drinking.