The use of various drugs according to their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics requires a basic understanding of the principles. In short, pharmacokinetics describes the way the body treats a drug after it enters the body and aims to quantify the processes involved in the biodisposition of a drug, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination.
As part of this quiz, we will explore and learn more about the most commonly used terms in pharmacology to gain a better understanding of how drugs are measured and interact in the body.
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Question of
An initial higher dosage of a drug given at the beginning of a treatment course before dropping to a lesser maintenance dose.
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Loading dose
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Half-life
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Median toxic dose
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Median lethal dose
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A loading dose is an initial higher dosage of a drug given at the beginning of a treatment course before dropping to a lesser maintenance dose. It is most useful for drugs whose elimination from the body is relatively slow, i.e., medications with long half-life in the body.
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Question of
A molecule on which an enzyme acts.
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Substrates
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Inducers
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Inhibitors
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Potency
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A substrate is a molecule on which an enzyme acts. An enzyme catalyzes chemical reactions involving a substrate. When there is one substrate, it bonds with the enzyme active site and forms an enzyme-substrate complex.
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Question of
A drug that increases the metabolic activity of an enzyme either by binding to the enzyme and activating it, or by enhancing the expression of the gene encoding the enzyme.
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Inducers
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Inhibitors
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Antagonist
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Clearance
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An enzyme inducer is a drug that enhances the metabolic activity of an enzyme either by binding with it and activating it, or by enhancing the expression of the gene that encodes the enzyme. As well as other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, and primidone are common enzyme inducers.
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Question of
Drugs that decrease the activity of enzymes by binding to them.
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Inhibitors
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Receptor
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Poisons
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Phenotype
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An enzyme inhibitor decreases an enzyme's activity by binding to it. When inhibitors bind to an enzyme's active site, they reduce the compatibility of a substrate with the enzyme. Benazepril (Lotensin) and Captopril are examples of ACE inhibitors.
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Question of
Observable characteristics of an individual, like height, eye color, or blood type.
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Phenotype
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Pharmacogenomics
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Under the curve
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Bioavailability
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An individual's phenotype refers to observable traits, such as height, eye color, and blood type. The genetic contribution to phenotype is known as genotype. Genetics determines some traits, and environment determines other traits.
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Question of
Signs, designs, or expressions that are recognizable as intellectual property.
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Trademark
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Adverse drug reaction
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Phenotype
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Clearance
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There are various types of trademark, including signs, designs, and expressions, but service marks are usually used to identify services. In general, a trademark consists of a recognizable sign, design, or expression used to distinguish one source's products or services from those of another producer.
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Question of
Are unintentional, harmful effects caused by the use of medicines.
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Adverse drug reaction
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Median lethal dose
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Chirality
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Median effective dose
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The term 'adverse drug reaction' (ADR) refers to a reaction that could be considered harmful or unpleasant following an intervention related to the use of a medicinal product; adverse effects generally predict future hazards and might require prevention, treatment, or a change in dosage regimen.
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